However big or small your outside space, growing a fruit bush or two will, with care, repay you year after year with delicious produce, all for rather less fuss and pampering than the inhabitants of the vegetable patch.
The simple joy
of eating fruit straight from the tree (no scrubbing, or trimming of
roots) never palls. Fruit also tends to be more popular with children (sugar snap
peas excepted), so it’s easier to get them out and helping with the harvest.
The Secret Garden is situated on land which was an orchard before the houses were built, and is overlooked by very tall
trees at the back of the gardens - pear trees, grown in the
days before fruit trees were grafted and bred to grow smaller, making the fruit
easier to reach. The pears that grow here are liable to go to waste unless they
drop as windfalls – though we do get a lot of windfalls.
Types of fruit
You can broadly talk about two main kinds of fruit: tree fruit, such as apricots, cherries, and, later in the summer, peaches, plums, damsons, and greengage. Then, into autumn, we get apples, pears, and quinces.
Then there's cane and bush fruit, including berries: Strawberries, raspberries, black, red and whitecurrants, gooseberries, blackberries, blueberries. We're also going to include rhubarb here, even though it isn’t a fruit at all, since we eat it as though it were. In this post, we're concentrating on bush fruit, much of which is just beginning to ripen now.
Then there's cane and bush fruit, including berries: Strawberries, raspberries, black, red and whitecurrants, gooseberries, blackberries, blueberries. We're also going to include rhubarb here, even though it isn’t a fruit at all, since we eat it as though it were. In this post, we're concentrating on bush fruit, much of which is just beginning to ripen now.
Strawberries
Everyone
should have a strawberry patch. They are easy to grow, they can be grown in a
pot, and the strawberries your plants produce will be far superior to anything
you buy in a supermarket. The ubiquitous Elsanta is stocked in shops because it
will keep for a long time once picked, not for any reason to do with flavour or
sweetness.
You
should be able to buy other more delicious varieties – Gariguette, perhaps, or
Cambridge Favourite - to plant in the ground. However, strawberries send out runners, which when planted
up will readily root to create a new strawberry plant. Ask around your
gardening neighbours or at a local allotment and you may well find someone only
too pleased to offload some plants from runners. You may get them in a pot, or
as bare roots. If the latter, keep the roots moist and plant up as soon as possible.
If
you’re growing in the open ground, find a nice sunny patch, dig it over and mix
in some organic matter, plus if you like, some bonemeal – strawberries like
that. Water the strawberry pants thoroughly about half an hour before you plant
them out.
Dig a
hole, drop the plant in, disturbing the roots as little as possible, fill in
and water well to settle them.
Your
main challenge with strawberries is to stop other beasties from eating them
before you do. Slugs, snails, woodlice, ants and birds all love strawberries.
Keep
slugs and snails at bay. My usual solution – using copper rings around plants –
won’t work here as strawberries are naturally trailing plants. I’ve had good
results using slug-resistant matting under the strawberry plants. Slug-resistant
usually means the fabric has been impregnated with copper, which slugs and
snails dislike as the metal reacts with their mucus and gives them a sort of
electric shock. When using the matting, I lay this over the bed after digging
over, then cut slits or small circular holes in the fabric and plant the
strawberries through this.
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| Strawberry plants growing through copperised fabric to deter slugs and snails. |
Woodlice
and other creepy-crawlies will do much less damage if the ripening fruits are
kept off the ground. This is one reason why planting strawberries in elevated
troughs or bespoke planters – high-sided bins with openings up and down the
sides to take the plants – is so popular. These also save space and will grow a decent crop of strawberries so long as you remember to keep the plants well-watered.
To ward off birds, you can try bird scarers – hanging CDs from a cane to produce a kind of
flashing mobile effect is popular – but maybe the birds in my locality are
particularly bold as this doesn’t seem to bother them, hardened urbanites as
they are. The only reliable way I’ve found to keep them off is to net the crop
as soon as the first fruits start to ripen. It’s bothersome, but better than
having all your fruit eaten.
In a
wet summer you may find some of your fruits develop grey-ish brown fur all
over. This is a mould called botrytis, very common in strawberries and raspberries. Just eliminate affected fruits and leaves as soon as you can, and try to keep the plants tidy
– removing brown and yellowing leaves promptly, not letting fruit trail in the
dirt. Planting them spaced well apart helps too, since it means the air can
circulate more efficiently around and between the plants.
You
should move your strawberries and replenish the plants every 3-5 years or so.
In the open ground, you can ‘walk’ them over to the next bed, by training the
runners to settle in the new bed, fixing them with a peg to encourage them to
root on that spot.
Alpine or wild strawberries
Less prolific than their bigger cousins, the tiny fruits from wild strawberries have an intense, honeyed flavour if you pick them when they're really ripe. Readily available from garden centres, these small plants, once established, will spread across semi-shaded parts of the garden, fruiting throughout the summer.
Alpine or wild strawberries
Less prolific than their bigger cousins, the tiny fruits from wild strawberries have an intense, honeyed flavour if you pick them when they're really ripe. Readily available from garden centres, these small plants, once established, will spread across semi-shaded parts of the garden, fruiting throughout the summer.
Blueberries
My
other must-have soft fruit is blueberries. The plants are very attractive, with
foliage that turns golden-red in autumn, and soft pinkish-white blossom in spring. They
don’t need pruning, in fact they need very little special care apart from one
vital requirement. Blueberries like acid soil; at least they hate lime. Here in
London, the soil tends to be slightly acid, but it’s not acid enough for
blueberries. So I always grow them in pots and fill the pots with ericaceous
compost. This is compost formulated for lime-hating plants such as blueberries,
cranberries, azaleas, rhododendrons, and others.
So,
they’re good for a patio and good for where you only have pot space. Our Secret Garden blueberry plants are sunk into the ground – this is partly for
aesthetic reasons and partly also because blueberries like to be kept very
moist. They crop best in a wet summer and when growing anything in pots, it’s
all too easy to let them dry out through evaporation. Sinking the pots helps
keep them cool and moist as well.
I find
blueberries practically pest-free, apart from the birds wanting to eat them
even before they ripen. I have lost an entire crop of blueberries to
birds while they were still green before now. These days, I grit my teeth and
throw a net over the lot before the birds realise they are even there.
Blackcurrants, redcurrants,
whitecurrants
Currants
are another fruit high on my list, if only because they are difficult to find
in the shops. Apparently the reason you can’t find blackcurrants is because 95%
of the UK crop goes to make Ribena, but that doesn’t explain the dearth of the
red or white variety. And they grow very happily in our climate, giving you long strings of fruit in July. Better in the open ground, than a pot though.
Gooseberries
I find
people either love or hate gooseberries. We love them at the Secret Garden Club
and we’ll be planting gooseberry bushes later this year. The best time for
planting is late autumn, in a sunny but not windy spot. We'll dig the ground over thoroughly beforehand, removing any weeds and roots, and we'll dig in some organic matter - manure, compost, leaf mould, before planting as well, to lighten up our clay soil.
There
are two types of gooseberries: tart fruits which stay green when ripe and which
really need to be cooked, and dessert gooseberries which ripen to a gorgeous
maroon mahogany colour when ripe and are sweet. In practice, I find you can
cook with these perfectly well too, so prefer to grow dessert gooseberries and
get the best of both worlds.
They
are fairly low maintenance: mulch around the base of the plants to keep them as
weed-free as possible, and prune in the winter to tidy up the bushes and keep
them open. They should reward you with fruit in June/July. Be careful when
picking them because the bushes are very thorny. Needless to say the thorns
don’t deter the birds and yes, it’s probably wise to net the bushes when the
fruits start ripening. Gooseberry bushes tend to stay smallish and so rather
than buying a specialist net and training it over a frame you may well get away
with throwing an old net curtain over the plant.
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| Dessert gooseberries ripening under a protective net. |
Rhubarb
Another
love it or hate it taste, and something of an interloper in this blogpost,
since there is no way that the stalk of a large leafy perennial plant can be described as a
fruit. But we mostly eat rhubarb as if it was a fruit. So we’ll include it as a
guest.
Rhubarb
is indestructible once you get it going. It’s one of the first of the new
season veg to be ready – usually you can start cutting in April and you can
make it come even earlier by forcing it. Forced rhubarb stems are a beautiful
bright pink colour and more tender than the conventionally grown stalks that
come later.
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| Forced rhubarb stems uncovered. |
We’ll
be forcing our Secret Garden crop next year. Rhubarb dies down overwinter and you need to
wait until you see the first signs of new growth coming in January. Then cover
the tiny shoots with an upturned bucket to exclude all light from the plant.
Make sure any holes in the bucket are plugged – cover with straw – and put a
weight like a half-brick on top as well as pegging the lip of the bucket to the soil to ensure it doesn’t blow away in the wind.
The
stems will take around 4-6 weeks to shoot up in the dark,
although this year in the prolonged cold they took nearer to three months. Once
you’ve cut the forced stems, uncover the plant and let it rest – don’t cut that
particular plant over spring and summer.
One
other bit of rhubarb maintenance needed is to cut out any flowering stems – you
want the plant to put its energy into producing leaf stalks, not flowers.
And
bear in mind that the leaves and flowers on a rhubarb plant are poisonous. Only
eat the stems.
Raspberries
I love
raspberries but I wouldn’t include them as a must-grow plant for a few reasons:
1) they are an open ground plant and need space, not suitable for growing in
pots; 2) once established they can be invasive and shoots will pop up in
neighbouring beds and pretty much anywhere you don’t want them; 3) following on
from (2) if you ever want to move your raspberry bed to somewhere else, tough,
and 4) they can be temperamental and fail to establish in what appears to be
perfectly suitable ground.
Having
said all that, happy, established raspberry canes in the right spot will
reliably give you fantastic fruits year after year. All they really need in the
way of maintenance is to have the old canes cut down after fruiting, the new
canes tied in during spring, and a good mulch in February or March.
There
are some interesting new varieties available from specialist nurseries as well,
if you fancy it, Try golden orange fruits, such as the autumn-fruiting Allgold. If you want something more unusual, try some of the other less well-known
berries like loganberries, or the sweeter tayberries, both of which are blackberry x raspberry hybrids.
Physalis (Cape gooseberries or Chinese lanterns)
Now these are a bit of a luxury since they take up space and need a nice long summer to ripen in enough numbers to make them worthwhile, but home-grown physalis are something of a revelation compared to the imported shop-bought fruits. Much tangier and fresher-tasting.
Physalis will germinate very readily from seed from March onwards on a warm windowsill. Once they'll about the size of the seedlings pictured here you can transplant into bigger pots and then into a nice sunny spot in the open ground once there's no danger of any more frosts.The fruit develops inside the lantern-shaped papery husks and should be ready for eating in September.
